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Полезные советы/инфо от Face-Off |
Poetry Vocabulary - Толковый поэтический словарь.
Doggerel - A derogatory term used to describe poetry whose subject is trite and whose rhythm and sounds are monotonously heavy-handed
Paraphrase - A restatement of the central ideas of the poem, in your own language
Metaphor - Makes a comparison between two unlike things, without using like or as
Simile - Makes of explicit comparison between two things by using words such as like, as, than, appears, or seems
Speaker - The voice used by the author in the poem
Theme - A central idea or meaning in the poem
Anagrams - A word or phrase made from the same letters of another word or phrase
Verse - A generic term used to describe lines composed in a measured rhythmical pattern that often rhyme
Narrative poem - A poem that tells a story
Epic - A long narrative poem, told in a formal, elevated style that focuses on a serious subject and chronicles heroic deeds and events important to a culture or nation
Lyric - A type of brief poem that expresses personal emotions and thoughts of a single speaker
Cliche - Ideas or expressions that have become tired and trite from overuse
Stock responses - Predictable, conventional reactions to language, characters, symbols, or situations
Sentimentality - Efforts by the author to induce emotional responses in the reader that exceed what the situation warrants
Diction - A person's choice of words
Poetic diction - The use of elevated language instead of ordinary language
Formal diction - Consists of dignified, impersonal, and elevated use of language
Middle diction - Maintains correct language usage, but it less elevated than formal diction
Informal diction - Represents the plain language of everyday use
Colloquially - Refers to a type of informal diction that reflects casual, conversation language and often uses slang expressions
Dialect - A type of informal diction used by definable groups of people from a particular region, economic groups, or social class
Jargon - A characteristic language of a particular group
Image - A word, phrase, or figure of speech that addresses the senses, suggesting mental pictures of sights, sounds, smells, etc.
Denotation - Literary, dictionary meaning of a word
Connotation - Associations and implications that go beyond a word's literal meaning
Persona - A speaker created by a writer to tell a story or to speak in a poem (literally, a persona is a mask)
Ambiguity - Allows for two or more interpretations of a word, phrase, situation, or action
Syntax - The ordering of words into meaningful verbal patterns
Tone - The writer's attitude toward the subject, the mood created by all of the elements of the poem
Dramatic monologue - A type of poem in which a character, the speaker, addresses a silent audience in such a way as to reveal unintentionally some aspect of his or her temperament or personality
Carpe diem - Latin for "seize the day." It emphasizes that life is short, time is fleeting, and that one should make the most of present pleasures
Allusion - A brief reference to a person, place, thing, event, or idea in history or literature
Image - Language that addresses the senses
Prose - A kind of open form poetry - clear opposite from a fixed form poem
Figure of Speech - Broadly defined as a way of saying on thing in terms of something else
Implied metaphor - A subtle comparison
Extended metaphor - Part or all of a poem consists of a series of related metaphors
Controlling metaphor - Determines the form or nature of the work
Pun - A play on words that relies on a word having more than one meaning or sounding like another word
Synecdoche - A figure of speech wherein a part of something represents the whole thing
Metonymy - A type of metaphor in which something closely associated with a subject is substituted for it
Apostrophe - An address either to someone who is absent or to something nonhuman, allowing the speaker to think aloud
Personification - A form of metaphor in which human characteristic are attributed to nonhuman things
Overstatement (hyperbole) - A boldly exaggerated statement that adds emphasis without intending to be literally true
Understatement - A figure of speech that says less than is intended
Paradox - A statement that initially appears to be contradictory but then, on close inspection, turns out to make sense
Oxymoron - A condensed form of a paradox in which two contradictory words are used together, as in "sweet sorrow"
Symbol - A person, object, image, word, or event that evokes a range of additional meaning beyond its literal significance
Conventional symbol - Have meanings that are widely recognized by a society or culture
Contextual symbol - Something in a work that maintains its literal significance while suggesting other meanings
Allegory - A narration or description usually restricted to a single meaning
Didactic poetry - Poetry designed to teach an ethical, moral, or religious lesson
Irony - A literary device that uses contradictory statements or situations to reveal a reality different from what appears to be true (Ex. - A firehouse burning down)
Situational irony - Occurs when there is an incongruity between what is expected to happen and what actually happens due to forces beyond human comprehension and control (suicide by happy successful businessman)
Verbal irony - A figure of speech when a person says one thing but means the opposite
Satire - A literary technique that principally ridicules its subject often as an intended means of provoking or preventing change
Dramatic irony - A discrepancy of what the speaker says/believes and what the reader knows to be true
Ballad - A song, usually a narrative story or poem
Onomatopoeia - A term referring to the use of a word that resembles the sound it denotes
Alliteration - A repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a group
Assonance - The repetition of similar vowel sounds
Euphony - Any agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds
Cacophony - A sound that is harsh or discordant
Rhyme - The association of words with similar sounds
Eye rhyme - The spellings of words are similar, but the pronunciations are not
End rhyme - The rhyme comes at the end of a line
Internal rhyme - Places at least one of the rhymed words within the line
Masculine rhyme - The rhyming of singly syllable words
Feminine rhyme - Rhymed stressed syllables followed by rhymed unstressed syllables
Exact rhyme - Same stressed vowel sounds as wells as same sounds that follow the vowels
Near rhyme (off rhyme, slant rhyme, approximate rhyme) - Sounds are almost but not exactly alike
Consonance - The effect created when words share the same stressed consonant sounds but where the vowels differ
Rhythm - In poetry, refers to the recurrence of stressed and unstressed sounds
Stress (accent) - Places more emphasis on one syllable than the other
Meter - When a rhythmic pattern of stress recurs in a poem. It is determined by the type and number of feet in a line of verse.
Prosody - The overall metrical structure of a poem
Scansion - The process of measuring the stresses in a line of verse in order to understand its metrical pattern
Foot - The metrical unit by which a line of poetry is measured
Rising meters - Metrical feet which move from unstressed to stressed sounds
Falling meters - Metrical feet which move from stressed to unstressed sounds
Line - A sequence of words printed as a separate entity on a page
Iambic pentameter - Unstressed syllable followed by stressed syllable
Blank verse - Unrhymed iambic pentameter
Spondee - A metrical foot with two long or equally accented syllables together, as in BREAD BOX or SHOE-SHINE.
Caesura - A pause within a line of poetry, which may or may not affect the metrical count
Enjambment - Term used to describe a line of poetry which is not end-stopped, in which the sentence continues into the next line without any pause or punctuation mark
Form - A poem's overall structure and shape
Fixed form - A poem that may be categorized by the patterns of its lines, meter, rhythm, or stanzas
Free verse (open form) - Poems characterized by their nonconformity to established patterns of rhyme, meter, and stanza
Stanza - A fixed number of lines of verse forming a unit of a poem
Couplet - A stanza of two lines, usually rhyming
Heroic couplet - Written in rhymed iambic pentameter
Tercet - A three-line stanza
Triplet - When a tercet's lines all rhyme
Terza rima - An interlocking three-line rhyme scheme (aba, bcb, cdc...)
Quatrain (ballad stanza) - A four-line stanza of a poem or an entire poem consisting of four lines (alternating 6 and 8 syllable lines)
Sonnet - A lyric poem of fourteen lines whose ryhme scheme is fixed
Villanelle - Fixed form poetry (19 lines divided into 6 stanzas)
Sestina - An elaborate verse structure written in blank verse that consists of six stanzas of six lines each followed by a three-line stanza
Envoy - The shorter final stanza of a poem
Epigram - A brief and witty poem that usually makes a satiric or humorous point
Limerick - A light, humorous style of fixed form poetry (usually 5 lines w/ a rhyme scheme aabba)
Haiku - A style of lyric borrowed from the Japanese that presents intense emotion of vivid images of nature. Fixed form poem with 17 syllables of three unrhymed lines (5, 7, 5).
Elegy - A lyric poem mourning death
Ode - A relatively lengthy lyric poem that often expresses lofty emotions in a dignified style
Picture poems - A type of open form poetry in which the poet arranges the lines of the poem so as to create a particular shape on the page
Parody - A humorous imitation of another, usually serious, work
Found poem - An unintentional poem discovered in a nonpoetic context, such as a conversation, news story, or advertisement
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Полезные советы/инфо от Face-Off |
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